Women naturally produce estrogen, progesterone and testosterone, and all three are important when evaluating hormone health.
Estrogen plays a central role in many of the changes associated with perimenopause and menopause. Systemic estrogen can be highly effective for hot flashes and night sweats and can help prevent the bone loss that accelerates around menopause. Local vaginal estrogen is also an important treatment option for vaginal and urinary symptoms, including dryness, irritation, painful sex and other symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. [1,2]
Women with a uterus who take systemic estrogen generally also need progesterone to protect the uterine lining. [1] Progesterone also plays an important role in the menstrual cycle and can influence sleep, mood and how a woman feels throughout the hormonal transition.
Why Testosterone Matters
Testosterone is often thought of as a male hormone, but it is also an important female hormone. Women produce testosterone throughout life, and levels generally decline with age.
Testosterone plays an important role in sexual desire and sexual function, and testosterone therapy may be appropriate for some women when low desire is persistent and other contributing factors have been considered. [3,4]
The goal is not to treat one hormone in isolation. Dr. Bawa considers symptoms, medical history, sexual function, laboratory findings and the way estrogen, progesterone and testosterone work together when developing an individualized HRT plan.
Treatment may include systemic or local estrogen, progesterone and testosterone, depending on the woman. Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy may also be used when appropriate, including FDA-approved bioidentical estradiol and progesterone. [1,5]
Hormones may be delivered through patches, gels, creams, oral medications or other appropriate formulations, depending on the hormone and the individual treatment plan.